Islamic and Human Welfare

Etymologically, means the rules of sharia, or decree which Allah has commanded the servants of His. Sharia is the standard rule of Allah SWT created to regulate human life. Syaria'ah a legal system based on revelation, or also called syara 'or syir'ah (Qaradawi, 1990:37).

Ismail (1992) in developing Islamic banking and finance, starting from the Islamic understanding of the basic elements, namely Aqidah, Sharia and Akhlaq. Aqidah regarding all forms of belief and trust in God which becomes the handle of every Muslim. Sharia associated with all forms of action taken in the practice of a Muslim in creating confidence and trust. While Akhlaq covers all aspects of the behavior, attitude and work ethic of a Muslim who performed the act of practice. Aspects of Sharia may be divided into two areas, namely Worship and Muamalah. Associated with the practice of worship a Muslim to serve God, while Muamalah associated with the relationship between man and man.

However, economic activity, political activity and social activities are part of Muamalah. Islamic banking system is part of economic activity, which relates to Islamic principles through Muamalah.

According to Imam al-Ghazali, the main purpose of sharia is to encourage human welfare, which aims to protect the religion (din) self (nafs), reason (aql), offspring (nasl), and property (maal). What are the guarantees terlindungnya five cases this means protecting the public interest and the desired (Chapra, 2000:101).

Task-oriented realization of Islamic humanitarian objectives of the primary benefits, secondary and tertiary (Qaradawi, 2003:77). The primary benefit that is something that must exist for the benefit of the religious establishment and the world. If something is missing, the benefit of humans would be difficult to materialize, would even cause damage, chaos and destruction. On the other hand, happiness and pleasure will vanish and the real losses will arise. To maintain it requires two things. First, something that can maintain and strengthen the foundations and rules of sharia and the main aspect is to maintain the existence of sharia. Secondly, something that can prevent the violation, directly or indirectly to an aspect of sharia and to avoid the extinction of sharia.

Secondary benefit is anything that needs to make allowances and reduce the difficulties that usually become an obstacle in achieving the goals. If the secondary benefit is not maintained, these constraints will hinder the achievement of goals, but not to cause direct damage to the public interest. The tertiary benefit is a worthy act according to custom and avoid actions opposed by the disgrace of common sense (al-Syathibi, 1388:243). Al-Syathibi further stated that the basic objectives of sharia consists of five components, the maintenance of religion, soul, lineage, wealth and common as presented al-Ghazali. Al-Qurafi adding a sixth component, the honor is often referred to as self-esteem (Qaradawi, 1990:63).

Sharia is the basis of wisdom and benefit of mankind in the world and the hereafter. This benefit lies in justice, love, prosperity and perfect wisdom. Anything that deviates from justice to oppression, from love to violence, from welfare to poverty, and from wisdom to folly is absolutely nothing to do with sharia (al-Jawziyyah, 1955).